Learn About An EDM Machine
An electric discharge machine (EDM machine) uses a workpiece to produce an object’s shape through continual electrical sparks. In order to do this, electrodes expel rapidly recurring discharges to remove necessary material. The electrodes are separated by dielectric liquid and respond to electrical volts and current. The first electrode is called a tool electrode and the other is known as a workpiece electrode. The volume and the electric field intensity between these two electrodes increases as they get closer and closer together. This process is instrumental in how an electric discharge machine effectively produces the desired shape or size.
As with any machining device, there are advantages and disadvantages and an electric discharge machine is no exception. With an EDM, complex shapes can be cut that are not possible with many other types of cutting equipment. EDMs also can be used readily on very hard materials. The workpieces they use tend to be quite small and easier to use and maintain. With this type of cutting machine, the actual cutting tool and the workpiece never come into direct contact. But, there are also some distinct disadvantages with an EDM. For example, material is removed quite slowly and there is additional time and cost involved for creating the necessary electrodes. It is also harder to make sharp corners and the amount of power used is extremely high.
Electrical erosion is what EDM is all about. Material is removed from the workpiece via this process and it is used routinely today in the production of injection molds and stamping dies. There are two distinct types of electrical discharge machines. Sinker EDMs consist of an single electrode and a workpiece which are submerged into oil or some other type of dielectric fluid. They are then connected to a power supply which supplies an electrical connection between the two parts. Sparks jump at various places between the electrode and the workpiece. The duration of the sparks determines the finish on the workpiece. On the other hand, wire EDM uses a brass metal wire which is fed through the workpiece. This process is used primarily for cutting thick plates and making punches, dies and certain tools. Either type of EDM machine is rapidly becoming popular in today’s fast-growing production industry.
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